|
|
|
Glossary |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
µ:
(mu) a micron, 1µ=0.001 millimetre (one-thousandth of a millimeter)adnate: (of gills) connected to stem by whole depth of gill, e.g. Stropharia aeruginosa adnexed: (of gills) connected to stem by part of the depth of the gill adpressed: closely flattened onto surface agaric: general term for a fungus with gills Ammonia: a 50% aqueous solution amyloid: turning blue-black in iodine solutions such as Melzer’s reagent appendiculate: fringed with remains of the veil, e.g. Lacrymaria velutina appressed: closely flattened onto surface Ascomycetes: one of the major groups in fungi containing all those producing spores in asci which are liberated by pressure ascospores: reproductive cell of the Ascomycetes ascus: (plural asci) elongated cell in which ascospores are produced basidia: club-shaped cells on which spores are produced in Basidiomycetes Basidiomycetes: a major and very diverse group of fungi,including gill fungi, boletes, polypores, clavarias, jelly fungi and Gasteromycetes, characterized by the presence of Basidia basidiospore: reproductive cell of the Basidiomycetes binding hyphae: much-branched, thick-walled hyphae without dividing cell walls which bind other hyphae together bulb: abrupt swelling at stem base bulbous: swollen into a bulb, e.g. Cortinarius auroturbinatus caespitose: joined in tufts, e.g. Hypholoma fasiculare campanulate: bell-shaped, e.g. Conocybe lactea capillitium: mass of sterile threadlike fibres among the spores in the Gasteromycetes which may aid spore dispersal capitate: with a round head cartilaginous: firm but flexible, as opposed to granular cheilocystidia: cystidia on the gill edge chlamydospore: a thick-walled, non-deciduous spore chrysocystidia: cystidia with granular contents which turn yellowish in alkali solutions clamp connection: a hyphal outgrowth connecting the two adjoining cells resulting from a cell division bypassing the dividing cell wall and apparently involved in the movement of nuclei clavate: club-like, e.g. Clitocybe clavipes coralloid: much-branched, corallike cortina: (adjective cortinate) weblike covering running between stem and cap edge enclosing the gills, e.g. Cortinarius auroturbinatus cortinal zone: faint remnant of cortina on stem crescentric: crescent-like in form cuticle: the surface tissue layer of the cap or stalk cystidiole: a sterile cell protruding beyond the spore-bearing surface cystidium: (plural cystidia) sterile cell, variable in shape, occurring between basidia in the sporebearing surface, or in other parts of the fruit body decurrent tooth: (of gill) where only the narrow end portion of the gill runs down the stem decurrent: (of gills) running down the stem, e.g. Clitocybe infundibuliformis dendroid: tree-like dermatocystidia: cystidia on the cap surface dextrinoid: turning reddish-brown with iodine solutions such as Melzer’s dichotomously: (branched) branching repeatedly in two dimitic: having two kinds of hyphae eccentric: (of stem) off center, not centered in the cap emarginate: (of gills) see sinuate equal: (of stem) being of the same thickness over its entire length excentric: off-centred FeSO4: solution or crystal applied to Russula stems may give significant colour change fibril: a small fibre fibrillose: covered with small fibres filiform: thread-like fimbriate: fringed flexuose, flexuous: undulating floccose: cottony, covered with cottony tufts free: (of gills) not connected to stem, e.g. Amanita muscaria fugacious: short-lived, fleeting fusiform: spindle-shaped, narrowing at both ends fusoid: somewhat spindle-shaped Gasteromycetes: a large, diverse group within the Basidiomycetes characterized by the basidiospores maturing within the fruit body; includes puff-balls, earth stars, stinkhorns and birds-nest fungi generative hyphae: thin-walled, branched hyphae with dividing cell walls, giving rise to other types of hyphae, e.g. binding hyphae germ-pore: a differentiated area in a spore wall which may give rise to a germination tube glabrous: smooth, hairless glandular dots: moist, sticky spots on surface of stem gleba: fleshy mycelial tissue which contains the spore-bearing cavities present in asteromycetes gloeocystidia: thin-walled cystidia with refractive, frequently granular contents granulate: covered with tiny particles hyaline: translucent or transparent, colourless hygrophanous: becoming darker coloured and appearing watersoaked when wet, drying paler hymeniform: resembling a hymenium but lacking functional basidia hymenium: spore-bearing surface hypha: (plural hyphae) a single filament, the basic unit forming the fungus (adjective hyphal) immarginate: without a distinct edge infundibuliform: funnel-shaped innate: inseparable, bedded in intercalary: between two cells iodoform: a crystalline compound of iodine, used as an antiseptic, with a distinctive smell (iodine) lageniform: shaped like a narrow-necked flask lanceolate: elongate and tapering towards both ends latex: a milky, usually white juice exuded by the gills of lactarius species when cut or broken marginate: (bulb) having a well-defined edge, e.g. Cortinarius amoenolens Melzer’s Reagent: 1.5g iodine, 5g potassium iodide + 100g chloral hydrate dissolved in 100ml warm distilled water; mucronate with a short, sharp point milk: a milky, usually white juice exuded by the gills of Lactarius species when cut or broken monomitic: having only one kind of hyphae mycelium: (plural mycelia) vegetative stage of a fungus comprising a thread-like to felt-like mass NaOH or KOH: sodium or potassium hydroxide: a 10% aqueous solution palmate: having lobes radiating from a central point, like fingers on a hand papillate: having a small, nipplelike protuberance paraphyses: sterile hyphal filaments interspersed between the asci partial veil: see veil pedicel: a small stalk pellicle: a detachable skin-like cuticle peridioles: pea-shaped structures containing the spores perithecia: flask-shaped spore producing chambers found in the Pyrenomycetes group of Ascomycetes Phenol: a 2% aqueous solution pleurocystidia: cystidia on gill sides pore: (of polypores) the mouth of a tube pruinose: having a flour-like dusting punctate: minutely dotted or pitted pyriform: pear-shaped recurved: bent back reflexed: turned sharply back or up resupinate: lying flat on the substrate, with the spore-producing layer outwards reticulum: a network of raised ridges found on surface of stem or spores of some mushrooms rhizoid root-like structure rhizoid: root-like structure rhizomorph: cord-like structure comprising a mass of hyphae ring zone: faint mark where ring has been ring: remains of partial veil, only present in some Agarics (see partial veil) saccate: bag-like sclerotium: (plural sclerotia) firm, rounded mass of hyphae, often giving rise to a fruit body scurfy: surface covered with tiny flakes or scales sensu lato: in the broad sense septate: divided by cell walls septum: (plural septa) a dividing cell wall sessile: without a stem seta: (plural setae) a stiff hair or bristle sinuate: (of gills) = emarginated notched just before joining the stem, e.g. Hebeloma crustuliniforme sphaerocyst: a globose cell sphaeropedunculate: a cystidium swollen spherically at the tip and tapered into an elongated stalk spinulose: finely spiny spore print: deposit of spores falling from a cap placed gills or pores downwards on a sheet of paper or glass spore: general term for the reproductive unit of a fungus, usually consisting of a single cell which may germinate to produce a hypha from which a new mycelium arises (see ascospore, basidiospore) sporulating: producing spores squamous, squamulose: having small scales squamule: a small scale stellate: star-like striate: with fine lines sub lente: (literally under a lens) observed through a magnifying lens sub: (prefix) not quite, somewhat, e.g. subglobose, almost spherical sulcate: grooved SV: sulpho-vanillin: a few crystals of vanilla dissolved in 2ml conc. sulphuric acid + 2ml distilled water to give a yellow solution. A drop placed on a Russula stem discolours violet-purplish in most cases or carmine in other species. tomentum: thick matted covering of soft hairs (adjective tomentose) trimitic: having three kinds of hyphae tuberculate: with small wart-like nodules tubes: spore-producing layer in certain fungi, e.g. Boletus pinicola umbo: a central hump on a cap like a shield boss umbonate: having an umbo universal veil: see veil utriform: bag- or bladder-like veil: protective tissue enclosing the developing fruit body; universal veil encloses the whole developing fruit body, partial veil (of agarics and certain boletes) joins the edge of the cap to the stem enclosing the developing spore-producing surface and in some general later forming the ring or cortina (adjective velar) ventricose: inflated or swollen vermiform: worm-like verrucose: with small rounded warts vesicle: small bladder-like sac (adjective vesicular) vesiculose: formed of vesicles vinaceous: wine-coloured volva: cup-like bag enclosing stem base in some agarics, the remains of the universal veil |
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
© 2025-2016 Rogers Plants Ltd. All rights reserved. The text and photographs on
this site may not be reproduced in any form without the written permission of
Rogers Plants Ltd. Please
see our Terms and Conditions.
Site by Glide Technologies Ltd. Poisoning Disclaimer. Don't forget to visit our sister sites RogersRoses and RogersTreesandShrubs. |
|
|
